麒麟安装oracle11g rac

[TOC]
## 1. 环境初始化配置

### 1.1 关闭防火墙和时间同步服务
```bash
# 停止并禁用NTP服务
systemctl stop ntpd
systemctl disable ntpd
systemctl status ntpd

# 关闭SELinux
echo "SELINUX=disabled" > /etc/selinux/config
echo "#SELINUXTYPE=targeted" >> /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

# 停止并禁用防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
systemctl status firewalld.service
```

### 1.2 磁盘处理（UDEV规则）
```bash
# 生成ASM磁盘UDEV规则
for i in {c..i}; do
  echo "KERNEL==\"sd?\",SUBSYSTEM==\"block\", PROGRAM==\"/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/\$name\",RESULT==\"`/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sd$i`\", SYMLINK+=\"asm-disk$i\",OWNER=\"grid\", GROUP=\"asmadmin\",MODE=\"0660\""
done

# 创建UDEV规则文件
vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

# 应用UDEV规则
/sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change
```

### 1.3 修改hosts文件
```bash
# 添加集群节点网络配置
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
10.1.238.2  ora-rac-1
10.1.238.4  ora-rac-2
10.1.238.3  ora-rac-1-vip
10.1.238.5  ora-rac-2-vip
10.1.238.33 ora-rac-1-pri
10.1.238.34 ora-rac-2-pri
10.1.238.6 ora-rac-scan
EOF
```

## 2. 用户和目录配置

### 2.1 创建用户组和用户
```bash
# 创建用户组
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60001 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60002 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60003 oper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60004 backupdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60005 dgdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60006 kmdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60007 asmdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60008 asmoper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60009 asmadmin

# 创建grid用户
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 61001 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,dba,asmoper,oper grid

# 创建oracle用户
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 61002 -g oinstall -G dba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,asmadmin,asmdba,oper oracle

# 设置用户密码
echo 'Lc_jcgh0' | passwd --stdin grid
echo 'Lc_jcgx0' | passwd --stdin oracle
```

### 2.2 创建目录并设置权限
```bash
# 创建Grid目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01

# 创建Oracle Inventory目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory

# 创建Oracle软件目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01
```

## 3. 操作系统参数配置

### 3.1 资源限制配置
```bash
# 设置用户资源限制
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF
# ORACLE SETTING
grid    soft    nproc   16384 
grid    hard    nproc   16384
grid    soft    nofile  65536
grid    hard    nofile  65536
grid    soft    stack   32768
grid    hard    stack   32768
oracle  soft    nproc   16384
oracle  hard    nproc   16384
oracle  soft    nofile  65536
oracle  hard    nofile  65536
oracle  soft    stack   32768
oracle  hard    stack   32768
EOF

# 应用PAM限制
echo "session    required     pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login

# 修改nproc限制
echo "* - nproc 16384" > /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf
```

### 3.2 安装依赖包
```bash
# 安装基础依赖
dnf -y install libaio libaio-devel libXrender libXrender-devel libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libgcc librdmacm-devel libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb make libtools nfs-utils targetcli smartmontools sysstat unixODBC libtirpc libtirpc-devel libnsl2 libnsl2.i686 psmisc elfutils* gcc* tigervnc-server

# 安装特定版本libaio
unzip package_ky10sp1_oracle.zip
cd package_ky10sp1_oracle
rpm -e libaio-0.3.111-5.ky10.x86_64 --nodeps
rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force

# 安装其他依赖
yum install libaio-devel* elfutils* gcc* tigervnc-server 
```

### 3.3 系统内核参数配置
```bash
# 修改sysctl.conf
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
# ORACLE SETTING
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmax = 21474836480
kernel.shmall = 5242880
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
#vm.nr_hugepages = 2000
vm.swappiness=1
vm.min_free_kbytes=2000480
EOF

# 应用内核参数
sysctl -p
```

### 权限问题  unable to set priority to 4
```
# 1. 永久修改全局实时调度设置
echo "kernel.sched_rt_runtime_us = -1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

# 2. 永久修改cgroup设置（需创建systemd服务）
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/disable-rt-limit.service
[Unit]
Description=Disable CPU RT runtime limit
After=cgroup.target

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/bin/bash -c "echo -1 > /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/cpu.rt_runtime_us"

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 启用服务
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable disable-rt-limit.service

# 编辑grub配置
vi /etc/default/grub

# 在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX行添加：
cgroup_disable=cpu

# 更新grub并重启
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
reboot

# 检查实时调度限制
echo -1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_runtime_us
echo -1 > /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/cpu.rt_runtime_us
cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/cpu.rt_runtime_us  # 应该显示-1

# 检查CSSD状态
crsctl check css
```

### 3.4 NUMA配置
```bash
# 修改GRUB配置
cat >> /etc/default/grub << EOF
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="\$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="resume=/dev/mapper/klas-swap rd.lvm.lv=klas/root rd.lvm.lv=klas/swap rhgb quiet crashkernel=1024M,high audit=0 numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
EOF

# 重新生成GRUB配置
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

# 验证NUMA配置
numactl --show
numactl --hardware
```

### 3.5 共享内存调整
```bash
# 调整/dev/shm大小
echo "none     /dev/shm       tmpfs   defaults,size=21504m        0 0" >> /etc/fstab
mount -o remount /dev/shm
```

### 3.6 网络配置
```bash
# 禁用ZEROCONF
echo "NOZEROCONF=yes" >> /etc/sysconfig/network
```

## 4. 环境变量配置

### 4.1 Grid用户环境变量
```bash
# 配置grid用户环境变量
cat >> /home/grid/.bash_profile << EOF
PS1="[\u@\h:\w]\$ "
umask 022
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=\$TMP
ORACLE_SID=+ASM1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
PATH=.:\$PATH:\$HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG

if [ \$USER = "oracle" ] || [ \$USER = "grid" ]; then
    if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
    umask 022
fi
EOF
```

### 4.2 Oracle用户环境变量
```bash
# 配置oracle用户环境变量
cat >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile << EOF
PS1="[\u@\h:\w]\$ "
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=\$TMP
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=ceshi
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=ceshi1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG
PATH=.:\$PATH:\$HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG

## 5. Grid Infrastructure安装

### 5.1 准备安装文件
```bash
# 切换到grid用户
su - grid

# 设置环境变量
export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OL7.6

# 解压安装文件
chown grid:oinstall p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
cd grid

# 复制unzip工具到安装目录
cp /usr/bin/unzip ./install
```

### 5.2 运行安装程序
```bash
# 启动Grid安装
./runInstaller
```

### 5.3 解决root.sh执行报错
```bash
# 创建ohas服务文件
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Oracle High Availability Services
After=syslog.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/init.ohasd run >/dev/null 2>&1 Type=simple
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 设置服务权限
chmod 777 /usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service

# 启用并启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable ohas.service
systemctl start ohas.service
systemctl status ohas.service

# 重新执行root.sh脚本
```

## 6. ASM磁盘组创建
```bash
# 使用asmca创建ASM磁盘组
asmca
```

## 7. Oracle软件安装

### 7.1 准备安装文件
```bash
# 切换到oracle用户
su - oracle

# 设置文件权限
chown oracle:oinstall p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
chown oracle:oinstall p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

# 解压安装文件
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
cd database

# 复制unzip工具到安装目录
cp /usr/bin/unzip ./install
```

### 7.2 运行安装程序
```bash
# 启动Oracle安装
./runInstaller
```

### 7.3 解决安装报错
```bash
# 修改emagent makefile
vi $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk

# 找到以下行:
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)

# 修改为:
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11
```

## 8. 创建数据库
```bash
# 使用dbca创建数据库
dbca
```

FYF

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